GLP-1 Drugs for Weight Loss:

There are a few different types of GLP-1s, including some of the most popular – Semaglutide (the generic of Ozempic and Wegovy) and Tirzepatide (the generic of Mounjaro and Zepbound. GLP1-s delay how quickly our stomach digests food, leading to a feeling of fullness and satisfaction with smaller meal sizes. These drugs slow intestinal motility so you feel fuller longer after meals. Their dual action receptors allow for lower blood sugars by reducing sugar production in the liver. They stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreas and increase energy expenditure, resulting in weight reduction.

GLP-1s can offer multiple health benefits, such as:

Promoting weight loss
Maintaining a healthy weight
Lower blood sugar levels
Reducing A1C levels
Decreasing the occurrence of cardiac events

Weight loss from these medications is most effective when combined with lifestyle interventions. Regular exercise and a healthier diet, combined with GLP-1 use, can promote sustained weight loss.

What to Expect:

Initial Effects and Dosage Adjustment: Some patients may notice a decrease in appetite within the first few days of starting the medication. However, it is important to note that this is not the case for most patients.

To Ensure the Best Outcome and Minimize Common GI Side Effects, Patients are initially prescribed a starter dose for the first 4 weeks. Subsequently, the healthcare provider gradually increases the dosage until it reaches a maintenance dose that provides optimal benefits.

Optimal Benefits and Timing: While some individuals may experience positive effects within the first 2 months, most will achieve optimal benefits after commencing their maintenance dose. It is worth mentioning that side effects may manifest within the first days for some, while for others, they may occur as the dosage is adjusted in the following weeks. Some patients may not experience any side effects at all.

Potential Side Effects:

Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Abdominal pain, constipation, heartburn, indigestion, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
Additional Side Effects
Headache and dry mouth.
Severe Reactions*
Rash, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the mouth, face or throat.
Low blood sugar

*If you experience any of these, dial 911 immediately. Once stabilized, notify your pharmacist and physician. If you encounter any of these signs, discontinue the medication and promptly consult your doctor.

Who It Works For:

33% of patients lose at least 20% of body weight
50% of patients lose at least 15% of body weight
70% of patients lose at least 10% of body weight

FAQs:

Are GLP-1 Drugs Safe?
Yes-GLP1s are considered safe and effective when used as directed. However, safe doesn’t mean that there aren’t risks. This can be discussed further in detail with your provider.

How Much Weight Can I Lose?
Average weight loss is 1-3 pounds per week for dedicated patients. Total weight loss varies but can be up to 20% of body weight.

What Can I Do While On This Medication?
The same healthy eating guidelines apply. Continue prioritizing lean proteins and veggies, and avoid fatty foods. Eat smaller meals and stay well hydrated. Regular exercise helps optimize your metabolism, making it more efficient.

Does This Medication Work for Higher BMI Patients?
The short answer is yes, it can to a degree. While patients may not be able to lose as much excess body weight as they would with bariatric surgery, GLP-1s can offer a good start. That said, many patients, especially those with a BMI over 40, will require more help and should speak to a qualified practice like Higa Bariatrics to understand their options.

I’ve Heard About Muscle Mass Loss. Is This Real?
Losing muscle mass is inevitable in any rapid weight loss program, including bariatric surgery. However, our bariatric patients are given strict postoperative guidelines that include strength training to build muscle and counteract the wasting caused by weight loss. Patients on GLP-1s must embark upon a strength training regiment to ensure they do not lose too much muscle mass.